diplomatic relations between Israel and the Holy See were established in 1993
Full and formal diplomatic relations between Israel and the Holy See were established in 1993, following nearly a century of contacts and diplomatic initiatives, as well as almost two millennia of Catholic-Jewish interactions that have at times been fraught with tension.
In May 1994, in line with the Additional Protocol to the Fundamental Agreement, both parties exchanged fully accredited ambassadors.
The Fundamental Agreement facilitated the establishment of legal and fiscal subcommittees to address various practical matters that had previously been left unresolved. However, the objectives of the Permanent Bilateral Working Commission between the Holy See and the State of Israel remain partially unmet, owing to the complexity of the issues involved. Consequently, both parties have opted to pursue a comprehensive and precise agreement rather than a subpar one that would necessitate further revisions.
Moreover, the Fundamental Agreement acknowledged the unique nature of the relationship between the Catholic Church and the Jewish People, reaffirming the Church's condemnation of anti-Semitism in all its forms, as articulated in the Council Declaration Nostra Aetate.
Israel and the Holy See continue to maintain close diplomatic relations, although these have occasionally been marked by periods of tension and crisis. In this dynamic, religious and political issues often intersect, aiding both parties in navigating challenges.
Fundamental Agreement between the Holy See and the State of Israel (vatican.va)